Non-action is rejected as an exit in the third chapter and praised as the mark of the wise in the fourth, because the word carries two senses, not acting and acting without being bound (4.18).
The twenty verses give different reasons for not grieving, for different listeners, and they agree in outcome. One is the lasting self (2.16–25), one is the unavoidable cycle (2.26–28), and one is the self in every being (2.29–30).